Sweetgrass AR: Exploring Augmented Reality as a Resource for Indigenous–Settler Relations

Authors

  • Rob McMahon Associate Professor Faculty of Extension University of Alberta
  • Amanda Almond Graduate Student Faculty of Extension University of Alberta
  • Greg Whistance-Smith Graduate Student University of Alberta
  • Diana Steinhauer
  • Stewart Steinhauer
  • Diane P. Janes University of Alberta

Keywords:

augmented reality, Indigenous media, Indigenous–settler relations, production/coproduction, participatory action research, copyright/intellectual property, knowledge management, ethics

Abstract

Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly used as a digital storytelling medium to reveal place-based content, including hidden histories and alternative narratives. In the context of Indigenous–settler relations, AR holds potential to expose and challenge representations of settler colonialism while invoking relational ethics and Indigenous ways of knowing. However, it also threatens to disseminate misinformation and commodify Indigenous Knowledge. Here, we focus on collaborative AR design practices that support critical, reflective, and reciprocal relationship building by teams composed of members from Indigenous and settler communities. After a short history of Indigenous media development in Canada, we describe how we operationalized a participatory AR design process to strengthen Indigenous–settler relations. We document a series of iterative design steps that teams can use to work through ethical, narrative, and technical choices made in the creation of culturally appropriate AR content, and draw attention to the potential and limitations of this emerging medium.

Author Biographies

Rob McMahon, Associate Professor Faculty of Extension University of Alberta

Dr. Rob McMahon is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Extension at the University of Alberta. He teaches in the Master of Arts in Communication and Technology and Master of Arts in Community Engagement programs. Rob co-founded the First Mile Connectivity Consortium, a national nonprofit association of Indigenous technology organizations (see: www.firstmile.ca).

Amanda Almond, Graduate Student Faculty of Extension University of Alberta

Amanda Almond is a graduate student in the Masters of Arts in Community Engagement program at the Faculty of Extension, University of Alberta.

Greg Whistance-Smith, Graduate Student University of Alberta

Greg Whistance-Smith is an interdisciplinary scholar and designer. Building on a background in architecture, his work explores the design of virtual spaces and their possibilities for communication and expression.

Diana Steinhauer

Dr. Diana Steinhauer, Cree, from Saddle Lake Cree Nation in Treaty No. 6 Territory, is an educator with 30 years of experience in teaching, curriculum development, and administration in K-12 schools and post-secondary institutions. Recognizing the value and work of iyiniw pimātisiwin, Diana’s work as a change agent in language, education, and governance is grounded upon her late father’s adage, pimātisîtotetân kimiyikowisiwininaw, Let us live life the way our Creator intended us to live.

Stewart Steinhauer

Stewart Steinhauer is self-taught as a stone sculptor/foolish person, beginning his adventures in stone sculpture the day after the birth of his first child, in July 1973. For uncounted millennia before the beginning of the colonial period there was a Turtle Island; that is where his creative work springs up from, working under the direction of the Rock Spirit.

Diane P. Janes, University of Alberta

Dr. Diane P. Janes is an Instructional Designer with the Learning Engagement Office (LEO), Faculty of Extension, University of Alberta and has worked in senior teaching and academic positions in educational technology and instructional design in both Education and Business. Diane has served as President of the Canadian Network for Innovation in Education (CNIE) and she currently serves as Secretary-Treasurer. She is co-editor of “Making the Transition to E-learning: Strategies and Issues” (2007).

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Published

2019-09-14

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Section

Articles