News Media Coverage of E-Cigarettes: An Analysis of Themes in Chinese Newspapers

Authors

  • Joanne Chen Lyu University of California, San Francisco
  • Di Wang Macau University of Science and Technology
  • Peiyi Huang University of Mannheim
  • Pamela Ling University of California, San Francisco

Keywords:

E-cigarette, media coverage, newspaper, theme, China

Abstract

News media play an important role in shaping public perceptions of e-cigarettes and influencing relevant policies. This study aims to describe the prominent themes in the Chinese newspaper reporting of e-cigarettes and examine how the salience of themes changed over time. Quantitative content analysis and qualitative thematic analysis of 639 e-cigarette-related news stories from 2014 to 2019 were conducted. Seven themes were found: health impact, usage, smoking cessation, youth, regulation, industry development, and description of e-cigarettes, with industry development being a unique theme in Chinese newspapers compared with newspapers in other countries. Although the health impact theme remained dominant throughout all time periods, the other themes showed different salience at different time periods, and e-cigarette reports increasingly focused on regulation in recent years. Frequent reporting by Chinese newspapers on e-cigarette-related research, legislation, and social problems in other countries, based on foreign media coverage, might point at an international media agenda setting effect.

Author Biographies

Joanne Chen Lyu, University of California, San Francisco

I am currently a postdoc at the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education (CTCRE), University of California, San Francisco. Before joining CTCRE, I used to be an assistant professor in communication in Hong Kong.

Di Wang, Macau University of Science and Technology

Assistant Professor in Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology

Peiyi Huang, University of Mannheim

Student in Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim.

Pamela Ling, University of California, San Francisco

Professor, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-14

Issue

Vol. 15 (2021)

Section

Articles

License

The International Journal of Communication is an academic journal. As such, it is dedicated to the open exchange of information. For this reason, IJoC is freely available to individuals and institutions. Copies of this journal or articles in this journal may be distributed for research or educational purposes free of charge and without permission. However, commercial use of the IJoC website or the articles contained herein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the editor. Authors who publish in The International Journal of Communication will release their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) license. This license allows anyone to copy and distribute the article for non-commercial purposes provided that appropriate attribution is given. For details of the rights authors grants users of their work, see the "human-readable summary" of the license, with a link to the full license. (Note that "you" refers to a user, not an author, in the summary.) This journal utilizes the LOCKSSsystem to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. The publisher perpetually authorizes participants in the LOCKSS system to archive and restore our publication through the LOCKSS System for the benefit of all LOCKSS System participants. Specifically participating libraries may:
  • Collect and preserve currently accessible materials;
  • Use material consistent with original license terms;
  • Provide copies to other LOCKSS appliances for purposes of audit and repair.
 

Fair Use

The U.S. Copyright Act of 1976 specifies, in Section 107, the terms of the Fair Use exception: Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include:
  1. the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
  2. the nature of the copyrighted work;
  3. the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; &
  4. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors. In accord with these provisions, the International Journal of Communication believes in the vigorous assertion and defense of Fair Use by scholars engaged in academic research, teaching and non-commercial publishing. Thus, we view the inclusion of “quotations” from existing print, visual, audio and audio-visual texts to be appropriate examples of Fair Use, as are reproductions of visual images for the purpose of scholarly analysis. We encourage authors to obtain appropriate permissions to use materials originally produced by others, but do not require such permissions as long as the usage of such materials falls within the boundaries of Fair Use.

The International Journal of Communication encourages authors to employ fair use in their scholarly publishing wherever appropriate. Fair use is the right to use unlicensed copyrighted material (whether it is text, images, audio-visual, or other) in your own work, in some circumstances. We consult the Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Scholarly Research in Communication, created by the International Communication Association and endorsed by the National Communication Association, and you should too. If you have any questions about whether fair use applies to your uses of copyrighted material (whether it is text, images, audio-visual, or other) in your scholarship, simply include your rationale, grounded in the Best Practices, as a supplementary document with your submission.