Automation, Algorithms, and Politics| Talking to Bots: Symbiotic Agency and the Case of Tay

Authors

  • Gina Neff Oxford Internet Institute and Department of Sociology, University of Oxford
  • Peter Nagy Arizona State University

Keywords:

bots, human–computer interaction, agency, affordance, artificial intelligence

Abstract

In 2016, Microsoft launched Tay, an experimental artificial intelligence chat bot. Learning from interactions with Twitter users, Tay was shut down after one day because of its obscene and inflammatory tweets. This article uses the case of Tay to re-examine theories of agency. How did users view the personality and actions of an artificial intelligence chat bot when interacting with Tay on Twitter? Using phenomenological research methods and pragmatic approaches to agency, we look at what people said about Tay to study how they imagine and interact with emerging technologies and to show the limitations of our current theories of agency for describing communication in these settings. We show how different qualities of agency, different expectations for technologies, and different capacities for affordance emerge in the interactions between people and artificial intelligence. We argue that a perspective of “symbiotic agency”—informed by the imagined affordances of emerging technology—is required to really understand the collapse of Tay.

Author Biographies

Gina Neff, Oxford Internet Institute and Department of Sociology, University of Oxford

Associate Professor

Peter Nagy, Arizona State University

Post-Doctoral Reseracher

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Published

2016-10-12

Issue

Vol. 10 (2016)

Section

Special Sections

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